Igneous rock is formed through which process?

Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of molten material, which can be either magma or lava. When magma is cooled slowly beneath the earth's surface, it forms intrusive igneous rocks, while lava that cools quickly after a volcanic eruption forms extrusive igneous rocks. This process involves the crystallization of minerals from the molten material as it transitions from a liquid state to a solid state.

Understanding this process is crucial for recognizing how various types of igneous rocks are created and distinguishing them from other rock types. For instance, sedimentary rocks are formed from the compaction and cementation of sediment, while metamorphic rocks arise from existing rocks undergoing significant changes due to heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids. This knowledge helps in identifying and classifying rock samples effectively based on their origin.