What characterizes metamorphic rock?

Metamorphic rock is characterized by its formation process, which involves alteration due to heat and pressure or the influence of heated fluids. This process changes the mineral composition and texture of pre-existing rocks, which can be igneous, sedimentary, or even older metamorphic rocks. The intense conditions under which these rocks form lead to the development of new minerals and structural features, distinguishing them from rocks that formed in other geological processes.

For example, when sedimentary limestone is subjected to sufficient heat and pressure, it can transform into marble, exhibiting new physical properties and a different appearance. This transformative process is essential for understanding the nature of metamorphic rocks, as it highlights how environmental factors alter and reshape the Earth's materials over time, leading to the diverse range of metamorphic rocks found in different geological settings.