What coloring agents are used during lattice diffusion to produce a blue color in corundum?

The combination of titanium oxide and iron oxide is effective in producing a blue color in corundum through the lattice diffusion process. During this treatment, specific elements, when introduced to the lattice structure of the corundum, can interact with the material to create distinct colorations. Titanium plays a crucial role in influencing the color of corundum; it can create absorption bands that result in shades of blue. Iron oxide can also contribute to the coloration through its ability to absorb certain wavelengths of light, enhancing the blue hue generated by titanium.

In the context of lattice diffusion, the controlled introduction of these metals enables a significant enhancement of the blue coloration without altering the inherent properties of the corundum. This technique is commonly used in the gemstone industry to improve the color quality of sapphires, making titanium oxide and iron oxide a standard pair of agents in this coloration process.