What does lattice diffusion refer to in gem treatment?

Lattice diffusion is a specialized method in gem treatment that involves the introduction of color-imparting elements into a gemstone's crystal structure through the application of heat and chemicals. This process alters the internal arrangement of the gemstone's lattice, allowing these elements to diffuse into the stone and enhance its color. It is particularly relevant for certain colored stones, such as sapphires and rubies, where achieving a vibrant hue can significantly increase their market value and aesthetic appeal. The controlled environment and precise conditions required for lattice diffusion ensure that the color enhancement is stable and permanent, distinguishing it from other methods of altering a gem's appearance.

In this context, the other options do not accurately describe lattice diffusion: enhancing clarity typically refers to processes that remove inclusions or flaws, carving involves shaping the gemstone without changing its internal structure, and measuring quality focuses on assessing various gem attributes rather than treating the stone. Thus, recognizing that lattice diffusion specifically pertains to a color-enhancing technique through heat and chemical interaction is crucial for understanding its significance in gemstones.