What does the term "erosion" refer to in geology?

The term "erosion" in geology specifically refers to the wearing away and transport of rock materials by natural forces such as water, wind, and ice. This process involves the breakdown of rocks and soil, which are then moved from their original location to another site. Over time, erosion shapes landscapes by carving out valleys, creating coastal features, and altering river paths.

In contrast, other options describe different geological processes. Building up land formations is related to deposition, the accumulation of materials in a new location. The breakdown of minerals into soil involves weathering, which is a distinct process that prepares materials for erosion. Finally, the creation of new rocks through volcanic activity pertains to igneous processes, which is entirely separate from the concept of erosion. Understanding the uniqueness of erosion helps clarify its role in the larger context of geological processes.