What is the primary purpose of polishing in gem cutting?

The primary purpose of polishing in gem cutting is to create the smoothest possible surface. This process is essential because a well-polished gemstone has a smooth, reflective surface that enhances its brilliance and overall appearance. The polish allows light to interact with the gemstone more effectively, enabling greater light return and sparkle, which are highly desirable traits in colored stones.

A smooth surface also ensures that the gem can be cut and shaped accurately, helping to bring out the best features of the stone. While polishing can have secondary effects, such as improving the appearance of color or minimizing the visibility of inclusions, the fundamental goal is to achieve that flawless, mirror-like finish that is critical for maximizing the gem’s aesthetic appeal. The focus on surface finish during polishing is what distinguishes well-crafted gemstones in the market.