Which term best describes a gemstone that has inclusions visible from its surface?

The term that best describes a gemstone with inclusions visible from its surface is "clarity." Clarity refers to the presence and visibility of inclusions or internal flaws within a gemstone. When inclusions can be seen from the surface, it indicates a specific level of clarity in the gemstone, which is an important factor in determining its overall quality and value.

Opaque gemstones do not allow any light to pass through, making inclusions irrelevant in the same context. Translucent gemstones allow some light to pass but are not fully transparent, affecting how inclusions are perceived. Transparent stones allow light to pass through completely, and while they can also have inclusions, the visibility of such internal features relates more directly to clarity rather than simply to transparency. Therefore, clarity is the best term for describing the state of having visible inclusions in a gemstone.