Which term describes a fracture pattern that creates curved and ridged surfaces in a gemstone?

The term that accurately describes a fracture pattern producing curved and ridged surfaces in a gemstone is conchoidal fracture. This type of fracture is characterized by its smooth, shell-like curvature that often resembles the shape of a scallop shell. Conchoidal fractures occur when a material breaks under stress in a manner that forms these distinctive curved surfaces, which can often be seen in materials such as quartz and obsidian.

The features of conchoidal fractures are significant in the study of gemstones because they can indicate the internal structure and consistency of the material. These smooth, curved surfaces help gemologists understand the properties of the gemstone and can also affect its overall visual appeal and durability. Recognizing conchoidal fractures in gemstones is essential for identifying and classifying various stones within the field of gemology.